python error : RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log2
python 错误提示警告 RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log2
log函数不能处理负数，如果数据中有负数，则会提示该错误
This error message can emerge at two expression your code contains:
np.log(0.6*c) and np.log(a**2)
in the for loop with:
np.random.normal()
you will get random numbers at this distribution, whose values will be negative numbers.
That's why np.log() will drop up the error message:
RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log
Example:
np.random.normal(10,4,100)
Out:
array([ 8.04664247, 14.4991884 , 10.89789303, 13.37593183, 3.29981902,
16.6316143 , 10.64138342, 4.0459445 , 10.49192082, -3.04538967!!!!!,
13.30443781, 4.13345961, 12.06508196, 10.4286879 , 7.39431349,
12.36789249, 9.20424736, 11.13161087, 12.15404482, 12.69897663,
9.43633904, 12.77818913, 9.02926639, 4.78638573, 13.13104605,
12.71197993, 6.1550897 , 7.18496505, 4.3160573 , 9.12631992,
8.52408627, 12.45941119, 5.34780934, 5.7023213 , 13.53096085,
12.1087058 , 3.65110834, 5.15466232, 8.78768562, 12.54764999,
15.12211713, 3.26481809, 9.8623701 , 15.88784306, 5.83355467,
5.32775214, 8.81188865, 13.21886467, 6.78984216, 8.67260897,
7.06100605, 13.75314668, 15.56562533, 10.33916552, 7.72745465,
11.27606127, 11.56813697, 7.03177164, 10.63155512, 11.67072579,
11.70855769, 10.78372397, 5.11327436, 15.61581808, 9.53446815,
11.21806808, 11.2235412 , 7.68339223, 12.71484256, 9.99613038,
13.51834424, 7.73615596, 8.75145457, 13.02222188, 6.76757021,
13.03580839, 10.67504642, 15.36110384, 15.66816384, -0.0952157 !!!!!!!! ,
2.23551198, 11.21584659, 4.37791786, 5.45895529, 15.44411348,
14.7077441 , 14.52080519, 3.70418827, 5.03132122, 5.24810117,
16.35309566, 7.08504246, 6.81224092, 14.69274684, 8.43257572,
12.87468578, 7.01621364, 7.62879265, 7.14646032, 20.16254855])
Stepping into your function inside of np.log()
c = np.array([ 8.04664247, 14.4991884 , 10.89789303, 13.37593183, 3.29981902,
16.6316143 , 10.64138342, 4.0459445 , 10.49192082, -3.04538967,
13.30443781, 4.13345961, 12.06508196, 10.4286879 , 7.39431349,
12.36789249, 9.20424736, 11.13161087, 12.15404482, 12.69897663,
9.43633904, 12.77818913, 9.02926639, 4.78638573, 13.13104605,
12.71197993, 6.1550897 , 7.18496505, 4.3160573 , 9.12631992,
8.52408627, 12.45941119, 5.34780934, 5.7023213 , 13.53096085,
12.1087058 , 3.65110834, 5.15466232, 8.78768562, 12.54764999,
15.12211713, 3.26481809, 9.8623701 , 15.88784306, 5.83355467,
5.32775214, 8.81188865, 13.21886467, 6.78984216, 8.67260897,
7.06100605, 13.75314668, 15.56562533, 10.33916552, 7.72745465,
11.27606127, 11.56813697, 7.03177164, 10.63155512, 11.67072579,
11.70855769, 10.78372397, 5.11327436, 15.61581808, 9.53446815,
11.21806808, 11.2235412 , 7.68339223, 12.71484256, 9.99613038,
13.51834424, 7.73615596, 8.75145457, 13.02222188, 6.76757021,
13.03580839, 10.67504642, 15.36110384, 15.66816384, -0.0952157 ,
2.23551198, 11.21584659, 4.37791786, 5.45895529, 15.44411348,
14.7077441 , 14.52080519, 3.70418827, 5.03132122, 5.24810117,
16.35309566, 7.08504246, 6.81224092, 14.69274684, 8.43257572,
12.87468578, 7.01621364, 7.62879265, 7.14646032, 20.16254855])
print(np.log(0.6*c))
Out:
[1.5744293 2.16326705 1.87774385 2.08263134 0.683042 2.30047974
1.85392487 0.8868894 1.83977989 nan!!!! 2.07727203 0.90828911
1.97948987 1.83373484 1.48988563 2.00427818 1.70883942 1.89896326
1.9868364 2.03069579 1.73374247 2.03691412 1.6896455 1.05494996
2.06415373 2.03171923 1.30645371 1.46116503 0.9515167 1.70033691
1.63207021 2.01165063 1.16586138 1.23004771 2.09415483 1.98309906
0.78420515 1.12907599 1.66252576 2.01870777 2.20533276 0.67237842
1.77790089 2.25472861 1.25280091 1.16210379 1.66527617 2.07081933
1.40460207 1.64934404 1.44376192 2.11044202 2.23423935 1.82511354
1.5339539 1.91185638 1.93742888 1.43961306 1.85300085 1.94625801
1.94949438 1.86721233 1.12101435 2.23745876 1.74408784 1.90670008
1.90718784 1.52823552 2.03194439 1.79137243 2.09322197 1.53507929
1.6583943 2.05583165 1.40131649 2.05687444 1.85708328 2.22101297
2.24080525 nan!!!!! 0.29364465 1.90650203 0.96574761 1.18643181
2.2264023 2.17754854 2.16475684 0.79863852 1.10485699 1.14704071
2.28359159 1.44716024 1.40789551 2.17652834 1.62127664 2.04443742
1.43739808 1.52110397 1.45579155 2.49300123]
/untitled0.py:37: RuntimeWarning: invalid value encountered in log
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53300465/runtimewarning-invalid-value-encountered-in-log
|
